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Can I File Bankruptcy Again?

Yes -- but federal law requires you to wait a specific number of years before you can receive a discharge in a new case. Here is how it works.

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The Short Answer

There is no limit on how many times you can file bankruptcy. However, to receive a discharge -- the court order that actually eliminates your debts -- you must wait a specific number of years between filings. The waiting period depends on which chapter you filed before and which chapter you plan to file next.

If you file too soon, the court will accept your case, but it cannot grant you a discharge at the end. You would go through the entire process -- fees, paperwork, and potentially years of payments -- without the debt relief that makes bankruptcy worthwhile.

Waiting Periods at a Glance

Prior Case New Case Wait Statute
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 8 years §727(a)(8)
Chapter 7 Chapter 13 4 years §1328(f)(1)
Chapter 13 Chapter 13 2 years §1328(f)(2)
Chapter 13 Chapter 7 6 years §727(a)(9)

All waiting periods are measured from filing date to filing date, not from the date you received your discharge.

How to Count the Dates

Take the filing date of your prior case (the date it was opened, not the date it was discharged or closed). Add the required number of years. If today's date is past that point, you are eligible. If not, you must wait.

Example
You filed Chapter 7 on March 15, 2024. You want to file Chapter 13 now. The waiting period is 4 years. March 15, 2024 + 4 years = March 15, 2028. If you file your Chapter 13 petition on or after March 15, 2028, you are eligible for a discharge.

What If My Prior Case Was Dismissed?

These waiting periods only apply if you received a discharge in your prior case. If your prior case was dismissed (thrown out before completion), the discharge bar does not apply. However, a different rule -- Section 109(g) -- may impose a 180-day filing bar if the dismissal was for specific reasons like failure to obey court orders or strategic dismissal after a creditor sought relief from the automatic stay.

Can I File Even If I Am Barred?

Yes. A discharge bar does not prevent you from filing. You can still file and receive the automatic stay, which temporarily stops creditor collection activity, foreclosures, and wage garnishments. But without a discharge at the end, the protection is temporary. Once the case closes, creditors can resume collection.

Important
If you file a second or third case within one year of a prior case being dismissed, the automatic stay may be limited to 30 days or may not go into effect at all under Section 362(c)(3) and 362(c)(4). Talk to an attorney before filing if you have had a recent dismissal.

How Many Times Can You File?

There is no statutory limit. You can file bankruptcy as many times as you need to, as long as you satisfy the applicable waiting period each time. However, courts and trustees will scrutinize repeat filers more closely, and the automatic stay protections diminish with each filing within a short period.

The Enforcement Problem

Federal courts do not automatically check whether you are eligible for a discharge when you file. Your attorney is supposed to verify this, but screening of 4.9 million federal bankruptcy cases found that hundreds of thousands of repeat filers received a discharge with zero eligibility verification. Our free screener was built to close that gap.

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The eligibility checker pulls federal court records and calculates the waiting periods for you automatically.
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Related Guides

Related: Federal waiting periods, Discharge bar guide, Chapter 13 failure rates by district, Run the free screener

Related guides:

Ch. 7 to Ch. 13 Waiting Periods Guide Second Bankruptcy Discharge Bar 1328(f) Explainer Glossary

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Dedicated Resources

Filing bars: 109g.org -- dedicated Section 109(g) filing bar resource

Discharge bars: 727a8.com -- dedicated Section 727(a)(8) discharge bar resource

Serial filings: serialfiler.org -- repeat filing patterns and data

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